Bedrossian 1875-9: 15. F. i-stem. Polysemy: 'all (omnis) / all (totus)'. Mtth. 9: 35: {Ew šrǰēr Yisus ǝnd amenayn k`aɫak`s ew ǝnd geawɫs} [Künzle 1984: 11] "Jesus was going through all the cities and villages" [NASB]; Mtth. 5: 29: {zi law ē kʽez etʽē mi yandamoc` koc` koric`ē, ew mi amenayn marmind k`o ankanic`i i gehen} [Künzle 1984: 11] "for it is better for you to lose one of the parts of your body, than for your whole body to be thrown into hell" [NASB].
Derived from amen {ամէն} 'all', i-stem, which is marginally attested in the sense of 'all (omnis)'. Koriwn The Life of Mashtots, Ch. 26: {zamēn mnac`ealsn yanjn aṙnēr šnorhac`n Astucoy} [Koriwn 2003: 254] "he surrendered to God's grace those who remained" [Abeghyan 1981: 297].
Another derivative from amen is amɛnɛkʰin {ամենեքին} and its variant amɛnɛkʰɛan {ամենեքեան} 'all persons; everybody', both n-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 16]. Mtth. 13: 56: {ew k`ork` sora oč` amenek`in aṙ mez?} [Künzle 1984: 36] "And his sisters, are they not all with us?" [NASB].
From PIE *sem-/*sm- 'one' [Schmitt 2007: 168].
The meaning 'entire (totus)' can also be expressed by boloɹ {բոլոր}, i-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 104]. Acts 8: 37: {Et`ē hawatas bolorov srtiw k`v, mart` ē} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 262] "If you believe with all your heart, you may" [NASB].
Number:2
Word:ashes
Classical Armenian:moxiɹ {մոխիր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 485. o-stem. Mtth. 11: 21: {vaɫu ews ardewk` xorgov ew moxrov apašxareal ēr} [Künzle 1984: 27] "they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes" [NASB].
Etymology is unclear.
Number:3
Word:bark
Classical Armenian:keɫ-ew {կեղեւ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 340. o-stem. Wis. 13: 11: {ok` ataɫjagorc hewsn, zp`ayt inč` geɫec`ik sɫoc`eal, k`ereac` čartarut`eamb zamenayn keɫew nora} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 254] "A skilled woodcutter may saw down a tree easy to handle and skilfully strip off all its bark" [NRSV]. Polysemy: 'bark / pomegranate skin', cf. Song 4: 3: ibrew zkeɫew nṙan en aytk` k`o [Zōhrapean 1805, 2: 225] "Your temples are like a slice of a pomegranate" [NASB].
Etymology is uncertain. May be a loanword from Syriac {qǝlāfā} 'folium libri', {qǝlāfǝθā} 'cortex, squama, putamen mali granata' [Olsen 1999: 932].
Number:4
Word:belly
Classical Armenian:oɹovayn {որովայն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 570. i-stem. Contexts where the generic meaning 'belly' can be supposed are scant and marginal in the Classical Armenian corpus, but it seems that the basic term is oɹovayn, which shows polysemy: 'stomach / womb', and potentially a more generic sense 'belly', cf. Gen. 3:14: {i veray lanǰac` ew orovayni k`o gnasc`es, ew hoɫ keric`es zamenayn awurs kenac` k`oc`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 11] "on your belly you will go, and dust you will eat all the days of your life" [NASB]. For 'stomach' and 'womb', cf.: 1Cor. 6: 13: {Kerakur orovayni, ew orovayn kerakroy} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 410] "Food is for the stomach and the stomach is for food" [NASB]; Lk. 1: 44: {xaɫac` c`ncalov manuks yorovayni imum} [Künzle 1984: 137] "the baby leaped in my womb for joy" [NASB]. Etymology is unclear.
The meaning 'abdominal cavity', and potentially the generic sense 'abdomen', can be alternatively expressed by pʰoɹ {փոր}, o- or i-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 733]. Mtth. 12: 40: {ēr Yovnan i kitin zeris tiws ew zeris gišers} [Künzle 1984: 31] "Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster" [NASB]; Job 21: 24: {P`orn nora li ē čarpov} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 294] "His sides are filled out with fat" [NASB]. This word yields the Modern Armenian term for 'belly'. Etymology is unclear.
A more marginal term is non-inherited kušt {կուշտ}, i/a- or a-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 359], which can be translated as 'belly' and/or 'side of the body'. Judg. 3: 21: {ew aṙ zsurn yaǰoy azderē iwrmē, ew ehar i kšti Egɫomay} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 476] "took the sword from his right thigh and thrust it into his belly" [NASB]. Iranian loanword, cf. MPers. kust 'side; district' [Olsen 1999: 888; Durkin-Meisterernst 2004: 215].
Number:5
Word:big
Classical Armenian:mɛc {մեծ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 462-4. a-stem. Mtth. 27: 60: {ew t`awalec`uc`eal kap`arič` dran gerezmanin vēm mi mec} [Künzle 1984: 80] "and he rolled a large stone against the entrance of the tomb" [NASB].
From PIE *megʸh2- 'big' [Martirosyan 2010: 459-60].
Number:6
Word:bird
Classical Armenian:tʰrčʰ-un {թռչուն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 231. o-stem. Mtth. 6: 26: {hayec`aruk` i t`ṙč`uns erknic`} [Kunzle 1984: 15] "look at the birds of the air" [NASB].
Agent noun derived from the verb tʰrčʰ-im 'fly' q.v. This new formation is a default term for 'bird (in general)' in Classical Armenian.
The old word haw {հաւ} [Bedrossian 1875-9: 395f.], u-stem., shows polysemy: 'bird / rooster, hen'; cf. Gen. 6:20: {yamenayn hawuc` t`ṙč`noc` ǝst azgi, ew yamenayn anasnoc` ǝst azgi} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 16] "of the birds after their kind, and of the animals after their kind" [NASB], whereas the word tʰrčʰ-un is used as an adposition to haw. Mtth. 26:34: {yaysm gišeri minč`č`ew hawu xawseal ic`ē, oric`s urasc`is zis} [Kunzle 1984: 3] "this very night, before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times" [NASB]. On rare occasions it can also be used to denote a bird in general, cf. Deut. 22: 6: {ew et`ē dipesc`is bunoy hawuc` aṙaǰi k`o i čanaparhi, et`ē i caṙ ew et`ē i getni} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 385] "if you come upon a bird's nest, in any tree or on the ground" [NASB].
From PIE *h3eu̯i-, cf. Lat. avis 'bird' [Martirosyan 2010: 398 f.].
Bedrossian 1875-9: 269. The morphological variant with the suffix -at- is marked for the iterative aspect. Gal. 5: 15: {et`ē zmimeans xacatic`ēk` ew utic`ēk`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 462] "if you bite and devour one another" [NASB].
The verbal root xac- goes back to late PIE *kh2ed-s-, cf. Skr. khā́dati 'chew, bite'; cf. [Martirosyan 2010: 323-4].
Number:8
Word:black
Classical Armenian:sɛaw {սեաւ}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 636. o-stem. Song 5: 11: {Glux nora yoskwoy kapʽazeay, varskʽ nora kṙacoykʽ seaw ibrew zagṙaw}[Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 227] "His head is like gold, pure gold; his locks are like clusters of dates and black as a raven" [NASB]. Iranian loanword, cf. MPers. sy'w 'black' [Olsen 1999: 906].
Black hair colour can be referred to by means of the term tʰux {թուխ} 'dark', o-stem, which can also be applied to the colour of dress and the mourning mood [Bedrossian 1875-9: 229]. Mtth. 5: 36: {zi očʽ kares maz mi spitak aṙnel kam tʽux} [Künzle 1984: 11] "Nor shall you make an oath by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black" [NASB].
Etymology is unclear.
Number:9
Word:blood
Classical Armenian:aɹiwn {արիւն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 73.n-stem.Mtth. 27: 4: {meɫay zi matnec`i zariwn ardar} [Künzle 1984: 76] "I have sinned by betraying innocent blood" [NASB].
From PIE *h1esh2r (Gr. εἰ̃αρ, etc.) [Martirosyan 2010: 138-9].
Number:10
Word:bone
Classical Armenian:oskɹ {ոսկր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 564. ra/era-stem. Lk. 24: 39: {zi ogi marmin ew oskers oč` uni} [Künzle 1984: 218] "for a spirit does not have flesh and bones" [NASB].
From PArm. *Host-wer-, derived from PIE *Host- (Hitt. {ḫaštāi} 'bone', etc.) [Martirosyan 2010: 553].
Number:11
Word:breast
Classical Armenian:lanǯ-kʰ {լանջք}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 253. a-stem; pl. tant. Jo. 13: 25: {na ankeal zlanǰawk`n Yisusi asē c`na} [Künzle 1984: 262] "He, leaning back thus on Jesus' bosom, said to him" [NASB].
From PIE *h1ln̩gʷʰ- (OIc. lunga 'lung', etc.) [Martirosyan 2010: 304].
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
Classical Armenian:ayɹ-ɛm {այրեմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 23. Mtth. 3: 12: {ew zardn ayresc`ē anšēǰ hrov}[Künzle 1984: 4] "but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire" [NASB].
From PArm. *ayr 'flame' vel sim., going back to PIE *HeHter- (Av. ātar- 'fire', etc.) [Martirosyan 2010: 63].
The intransitive meaning 'to burn' is expressed by var-im {վառ-իմ} [Bedrossian 1875-9: 667]. Is. 5:24: {orpēs vaṙi eɫēgn i kaycakanc` hroy} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 335] "therefore, as a tongue of fire consumes stubble" [NASB]. The origin of varim is unclear.
Number:13
Word:claw (nail)
Classical Armenian:ɛɫungn {եղունգն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 156. n-stem. Deut. 21: 12: {gercc`es zglux nora, ew srbesc`es zeɫnguns nora} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 383] "she shall shave her head and trim her nails" [NASB].
From PIE *h3nogʷ- or *h3nog-u- (Gr. ὄνυξ 'claw; nail', etc.) [Martirosyan 2010: 254 f.].
The main designation of 'claw' is magil {մագիլ}, a-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 446]. Dan. 7: 19: {žanik` nora erkat`ik`, ew magilk` nora pɫnjik`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 683] "with its teeth of iron and its claws of bronze" [NASB]. The etymology is uncertain (see [Martirosyan 2010: 254 f.] s.v. eɫungn).
Number:14
Word:cloud
Classical Armenian:amp {ամպ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 17. o-stem. Mk. 9: 7: {eɫew amp mi hovani i veray noc`a} [Künzle 1984: 108] "a cloud formed, overshadowing them" [NASB].
Presumably a result of contamination between PIE *nebʰos- 'sky' and *nbʰro- 'cloud' [Martirosyan 2010: 49 f.].
Number:15
Word:cold
Classical Armenian:cʰuɹt {ցուրտ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 718. o-stem. Mtth. 10: 42: {bažak mi ǰur c`urt} [Künzle 1984: 26] "a cup of cold water to drink" [NASB].
The etymology is uncertain [Martirosyan 2010: 631].
The imperfective stem ga- can be derived from PIE *weh2- 'go', while the perfective one goes back to PIE *gʷem- 'go' (3sg. aor. *h1e-gʷem-t > ekn) [Martirosyan 2010: 196, 249].
Number:16
Word:come
Classical Armenian:ek-i {եկի}2
Perfective.
Number:17
Word:die
Classical Armenian:mɛr-an-im {մեռանիմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 467. Mtth. 8: 32: {ew dimeac` amenayn eramakn i darē anti i cov, ew meṙan i ǰursn}[Künzle 1984: 20] "and the whole herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea and perished in the waters" [NASB].
From PIE *mer- 'die' [Klingenschmitt 1982: 220 f.].
Number:18
Word:dog
Classical Armenian:šun {շուն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 552. Internal inflection: nom.-acc. šun-, obl. šan-. Lk. 16: 21: {ayl ew šunk` ews gayin ew lizuin zvērs nora} [Künzle 1984: 190] "besides, even the dogs were coming and licking his sores" [NASB].
From PIE *kʸwon- 'dog' [Martirosyan 2010: 521].
Number:19
Word:drink
Classical Armenian:ǝmp-ɛm {ըմպեմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 197. Suppletive paradigm: ǝmp-ɛm [imperf.] / aɹb-i [perf.]. Mtth. 6: 31: {Zinč` keric`uk` kam zinč` arbc`uk`} [Künzle 1984: 15] "What will we eat?" or "What will we drink?" [NASB].
The imperfective stem continues PIE *pi-ph3-e- 'drink', whereas the perfective stem goes back to PIE *srebʰ- 'sip, drink' [Martirosyan 2010: 129, 277-9].
Number:19
Word:drink
Classical Armenian:aɹb-i {արբի}2
Perfective.
Number:20
Word:dry
Classical Armenian:čʰoɹ {չոր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 587. o-stem. Is. 56: 3: {Es em p`ayt č`ar} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 412] "I am a dry tree" [NASB].
The etymological details are obscure, although the connection to Gr. ξηρός 'dry' remains tempting [Martirosyan 2010: 546].
While the plural form (akanǯ-kʰ {ականջ-ք}) is common, its regular singular form akanǯ {ականջ} is only marginally attested in the early classical texts. The suppletive singulative unkn {ունկն}, n-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 576], is normally used instead. Job 13: 1: {luaw unkn im} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 284] "my ear has heard" [NASB].
While unkn can be rather convincingly derived from PIE *h2ews- 'ear', the precise origin of akanǯ is unclear [Martirosyan 2010: 21 f., 638 f.].
Number:22
Word:earth
Classical Armenian:hoɫ {հող}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 413. o-stem. Gen. 2: 7 {Ew steɫc Tēr Astuac zmardn hoɫ yerkrē} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 9] "Then the Lord God formed man of dust from the ground" [NASB].
The term ɛɹkiɹ {երկիր}, a- or i-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 169], denotes the world surface as opposed to the sky (see Gen. 2: 7 above).
The noun hoɫ derives from PIE *pelh2- 'wide, flat' [Martirosyan 2010: 415].
Number:23
Word:eat
Classical Armenian:ut-ɛm {ուտեմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 579. Suppletive paradigm: ut-ɛm {ուտեմ}[imperf.] / kɛɹ-ay {կերայ}[perf.]. Mtth. 6: 31: {Zinč` keric`uk` kam zinč` arbc`uk`} [Künzle 1984: 15] "What will we eat?" or "What will we drink?" [NASB].
The imperfective stem ut-ɛ- goes back to PIE *h1ed- 'to eat', while kɛɹ-a- goes back to PIE *gʷerh3- 'to swallow, devour' [Martirosyan 2010: 359 f., 644].
Number:23
Word:eat
Classical Armenian:kɛɹ-ay {կերայ}2
Perfective.
Number:24
Word:egg
Classical Armenian:ʒu {ձու}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 433. o-stem. Deut. 22: 6: {mayrn ǰeṙeal nstic`i i veray jaguc`n kam juocʽ} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 385] "the mother sitting on the young or on the eggs" [NASB].
The origin is unclear [Martirosyan 2010: 439].
Number:25
Word:eye
Classical Armenian:ak-n {ակ-ն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 7, 54. Paradigm: ak-n {ակն} [sg.] / ačʰ-kʰ {աչք} [pl.]. Sg. n-stem, pl. a-stem. Mtth. 5: 29: {Et`ē akn k`o aǰ gayt`akɫec`uc`anē zk`ez...} [Künzle 1984: 11] "If your right eye makes you stumble... " [NASB]. Gen. 3: 5: {banayc`en ač`k` jer} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 11] "your eyes will be opened" [NASB].
Both from PIE *h3(o)kʷ- [Martirosyan 2010: 23].
Number:26
Word:fat n.
Classical Armenian:čarp {ճարպ}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 440. o-stem. Lev. 4: 35: {korzic`i čarp oč`xarin p`rkut`ean} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 202] "the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice" [NASB].
Bedrossian 1875-9: 727. o-stem. In the early classical texts, the word is only attested in compounds, cf. lus-a-pʰetur 'light-feathered' (Agatʽangeɫos, 5th cent.).
The etymology is unclear. Possibly an indirect continuant of PIE *pet-r-/*pt-er- 'feather' (Hitt. pattar next to pettar, Skt. pátra-, Gr. πτερόν 'wing, feather' etc.) related to PIE *pet- 'fly' [Martirosyan 2010: 293].
Number:28
Word:fire
Classical Armenian:huɹ {հուր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 417. o-stem. Mtth. 7: 19 {Amenayn caṙ... hatani ew i hur arkani.} [Künzle 1984: 17] "Every tree... is cut down and thrown into the fire" [NASB].
From PIE *peh2-ur 'fire' [Martirosyan 2010: 427].
Number:29
Word:fish
Classical Armenian:ʒukn {ձուկն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 434. n-stem. Jo. 21: 3: {ert`am jukn orsal} [Künzle 1984: 284] "I am going fishing" [NASB].
Probably from *dgʸʰuH- (cf. Gr. ἰχɵυ̃ς) [Martirosyan 2010: 440].
Number:30
Word:fly v.
Classical Armenian:tʰrčʰ-im {թռչ-իմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 231. ea-stem aorist. Deut. 4: 17: {nmanut`iwn amenayn hawu t`ṙč`noy or t`ṙč`ic`in i nerk`oy erknic`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 350] "the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the sky" [NASB].
Perhaps cognate to tʰer 'side', tʰertʰ, dial. *tʰer 'leaf', and tʰitʰeṙn 'butterfly' from PIE *pt-er- 'feather; wing; to flap wings, to fly' (cf. Gr. πτερόν ῾feather; wing'), derived from PIE *pet- 'fly' (Gr. πέτομαι 'to fly', etc.). In order to explain the auslaut of verbal root tʰr- (pres. tʰr-čʰ-im next to tʰr-an-im, aor. tʰr-e-ay)one has to assume the older pres. nu-stem *pteːr-nu-, which would be an expected match to the aorist tʰreay, cf. pres. pʰax-nu-m / pʰax-čʰi-m, aor. pʰax-e-ay 'flee'. Albeit the lack of an immediate parallel for the lengthened grade of the root (see critical remarks in [Klingenschmitt 1982: 71]), the etymology seems fairly secure.
While the singular n-stem continues PIE acc.sg. *pod-m̩ (cf. Ancient Greek πόδα, etc.), the plural i-stem probably continues PIE nom. pl. *pod-es [Martirosyan 2010: 535].
The notion 'leg' is expressed by srun {սրուն}, i-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 658]. Dan. 2:33: {ew srunk`n erkat`ik`, ew otk`n kēsn yerkat`oy ew kēsn i xec`woy} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 665] "its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay" [NASB].
The origin is uncertain [Martirosyan 2010: 585 f.].
Number:32
Word:full
Classical Armenian:li {լի}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 257. o-stem. Jo 12: 3: {tunn li eɫew i hotoy iwɫoyn} [Künzle 1984: 257] "the house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume" [NASB].
From PIE *pleh1- 'full' [Martirosyan 2010: 309].
Number:33
Word:give
Classical Armenian:ta-m {տա-մ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 689 f. Suppletive stems: ta-m {տա-մ} [imperf.]/ etu {ետու}[perf.]. The verb has an irregular conjugation in the aorist: 1sg. etu, 2sg. etur, 3sg. et, etc. Mtth. 6: 11: {zhac` mer hanapazord tur mez aysawr} [Künzle 1984: 13] "give us this day our daily bread" [NASB].
All forms are etymologically derived from one root: PIE *deh3- 'give' [Martirosyan 2010: 595].
Number:33
Word:give
Classical Armenian:etu {ետու}1
Perfective.
Number:34
Word:good
Classical Armenian:bari {բարի}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 96. o-stem. Mtth. 7: 17: {amenayn caṙ bari ptuɫ bari aṙnē} [Künzle 1984: 17] "every good tree bears good fruit" [NASB].
The origin is uncertain [Olsen 1999: 436 f.].
The word law {լաւ} [Bedrossian 1875-9: 254] is commonly used as the adverb 'well' or as the predicative adjective 'good', cf. Lk. 12:7: {k`an zbazum jags law ēk` duk`} [Künzle 1984: 177] "you are more valuable than many sparrows" [NASB].
May be tentatively connected to Lith. lãbas 'good', etc. [Olsen 1999: 70].
Number:35
Word:green
Classical Armenian:dal-aɹ {դալ-ար}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 131. o-stem. Mk. 6: 39: {ew hramayec` noc`a bazmel eraxans eraxans i veray dalar xotoy} [Künzle 1984: 100] "and he commanded them all to sit down by groups on the green grass" [NASB].
Compared to Ancient Greek ɵαλερόГʎ and may be tentatively derived from PIE *dʰl̩h1-ro-, although the suffixes Arm. -aɹ- and Greek -ερο- are relatively productive and need not be inherited [Martirosyan 2010: 231 f.].
Number:36
Word:hair
Classical Armenian:heɹ {հեր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 403. o/a-stem. The singular form is used in the collective meaning (a) along with the plural form (b); cf. (a) Jo 11: 2: {ǰnǰeac` zots nora herov iwrov} [Kunzle 1984: 253] "and wiped his feet with her hair" [NASB]; (b) Gen. 41: 14 {p`ok`rec`in zhers nora} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 80] "he had shaved himself" [NASB].
The origin is unknown [Olsen 1999: 941].
A second candidate is the non-inherited form maz {մազ}[Bedrossian 1875-9: 446], o-stem, which tends to be constricted to the specific meaning 'a single hair', although it can be used for collective 'hair' as well. Cf. maz in the singular with the collective (a) or singulative (b) meaning, although the plural form is also attested (c); cf. (a) Num. 6:5: {surb kac`c`ē, ačec`uc`eal zvarss mazoy glxoy iwroy} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 270] "they shall be holy; they shall let the locks of the head grow long" [NASB]; Is. 7: 20: {yawur yaynmik gercc`ē Tēr <...> zglux ew zmaz otic`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 338] "in that day the Lord will shave <...> the head and the hair of the legs" [NASB]; (b) 2Sam. 14: 11: {ankc`i i heroy ordwoy k`o maz i getin} [Zōhrapean 1805, 2: 98] "not one hair of your son [lit. "not one hairspring of your son's hair". - PK] shall fall to the ground" [NASB]; (c) Ezek. 16: 7: {stink` ankan k`o, ew mazk` arjakec`an} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 727] "your breasts were formed and your hair had grown" [NASB]. Note the contrastive use of her and maz in (b) above where heɹ is used as a collective notion, while maz denotes the singulative 'a hair'.
Bedrossian 1875-9: 428. Paradigm: ʒɛr-n [sg., n-stem] / ʒɛr-kʰ [pl., a-stem]. Mk. 7: 2: {ew teseal zomans yašakertac` anti, zi xaṙnak jeṙawk` aysink`n ē anluay, utēin hac`, bambasec`in} [Künzle 1984: 101] "and had seen that some of his disciples were eating their bread with impure hands, that is, unwashed" [NASB].
From PIE *gʰʸes-r̩- 'hand' [Martirosyan 2010: 431 f.].
The notion 'arm' is expressed by the form bazuk {բազուկ}, a-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 87]. Gen. 49: 24: {ew lucan ǰiɫk` bazkac` noc`a jeṙamb Hzawrin Yakobay} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 99] "and his arms were made agile by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob" [NASB]. Iranian loanword, cf. Middle Persian {bʼzʼw} 'arm' [Durkin-Meisterernst 2004: 105].
Number:38
Word:head
Classical Armenian:glux {գլուխ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 122. o-stem. Mk 6: 24: {zgluxn Yovhannu mkrtč`i} [Künzle 1984: 99] "the head of John the Baptist" [NASB].
The origin is uncertain; possibly related to Balto-Slavic *galv-aː 'head' [Martirosyan 2010: 220].
Number:39
Word:hear
Classical Armenian:ls-em {լս-եմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 266. Suppletive paradigm: ls-em {լս-եմ} [imperf.] /lu-ay {լու-այ} [perf.]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'; cf. Mk. 4: 9: {Or unic`i akanǰs lseloy, luic`ē} [Künzle 1984: 91] "He who has ears to hear, let him hear" [NASB]; 1Sam. 3:10: {xawseac`, Tēr, zi luic`ē caṙay k`o} [Zōhrapean 1805, 2: 10] "speak, for your servant is listening" [NASB].
Both stems go back to the same root: PIE *kʸlew- 'hear' [Martirosyan 2010: 313-5].
Number:39
Word:hear
Classical Armenian:lu-ay {լու-այ}1
Perfective.
Number:40
Word:heart
Classical Armenian:siɹt {սիրտ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 642. i-stem. Ezek 36: 26: {ew hanic` zsirtn k`areɫēn i marmnoc` jeroc`, ew tac` jez sirt marmne`ēn} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 776] "and I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh" [NASB].
From PIE *kʸeːrd 'heart' [Martirosyan 2010: 576 f.].
Number:41
Word:horn
Classical Armenian:ɛɫǯɛwɹ {եղջեւր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 156. r-stem. Gen. 22: 13: {ew aha xoy mi kaxeal kayr zcaṙoyn sabekay zeɫǰerac`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 40] "and behold, behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns" [NASB].
From PIE *gʰreh1wr̩ 'horn' [Olsen 1999: 155].
Number:42
Word:I1
Classical Armenian:ɛs {ես}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 158. Suppletive paradigm: ɛs {ես} [nom.] / is {ես} [acc.] / im [gen.] / inʒ [dat.]. Mtth. 3: 11: {es mkrtem zjez ǰrov yapašxarut`iwn} [Kunzle 1984: 6] "I baptize you [a]with water for repentance" [NASB]. Mtth. 28: 18: {tuaw inj amenayn išxanut`iwn yerkins ew yerkri} [Kunzle 1984: 82] "all authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth" [NASB].
Nom. ɛs goes back to PIE *h1egʰʸ-. The rest of the paradigm goes back to the oblique stem *h1me-, Ancient Greek ἐμε 'my', e.g. acc. is from PArm. *en-s. The variation between im- and in- anlauts of the oblique stem can be explained by internal analogical processes [Schmitt 2007: 116; Martirosyan 2010: 257].
Number:42
Word:I2
Classical Armenian:im {իմ}2
Genitive.
Number:43
Word:kill
Classical Armenian:span-an-ɛm {սպան-ան-եմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 649. Paradigm: span-an-ɛm / span-i. Jo. 12: 10: {xorhurd ararin k`ahanayapetk`n, zi ew zŁazar spanc`en} [Künzle 1984: 257] "but the chief priests planned to put Lazarus to death also" [NASB].
Etymology is uncertain [Klingenschmitt 1982: 227].
Number:44
Word:knee
Classical Armenian:cunɹ {ծունր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 316. Paradigm: cunɹ {ծունր} [sg., indeclinable] / cung-kʰ {ծունգ-ք} [pl.]. The distribution between the form cunɹ in the collective meaning (a) and the pl. tnt. cung-kʰ (b) is unclear; cf. (a) Mk. 15: 19: {i cunr iǰeal erkir paganēin nma} [Künzle 1984: 130] "and kneeling and bowing before him" [NASB]; (b) Lk. 5: 8: {ankaw aṙ cunksn Yisusi} [Künzle 1984: 149] "he fell down at Jesus' feet" [NASB].
Both cunɹ- and cung- may be derived from PIE *gʸonu- [Martirosyan 2010: 344].
Number:45
Word:know
Classical Armenian:git-ɛm {գիտ-եմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 437. Paradigm: git-ɛm {գիտ-եմ}/ git-acʰ-i {գիտ-աց-ի}. Jo. 8: 14: {gitem usti eki} [Künzle 1984: 243 f.] "I know where I came from" [NASB].
From PIE *woyd- 'know' [Martirosyan 2010: 211].
Number:46
Word:leaf
Classical Armenian:tɛɹɛw {տերեւ}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 700. o-stem. Apart from its singulative meaning (a), the singular form can be used in the collective meaning (b) beside its regular plural form (c); cf. (a) Gen. 8: 11: {ew unēr terew jit`enwoy šiɫ i beran iwrum} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 18] "in her beak was a freshly picked olive leaf" [NASB]; (b) Mtth. 21: 19 {ew teseal t`zeni mi i veray čanaparhin, ekn i na, ew oč`inč` egit i nma, bayc` miayn terew} [Künzle 1984: 55] "seeing a lone fig tree by the road, he came to it and found nothing on it except leaves only" [NASB]; (c) Gen. 3: 7: {karec`in terews t`zenwoy, ew ararin iwreanc` sp`acanelis} [Zōhrapean 1805, 1: 1] "and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loin coverings" [NASB].
Bedrossian 1875-9: 148. Paradigm: dn-im [imperf.] / ɛd-ay [perf.]. The verb is a mediopassive form of act. dn-ɛm {դն-եմ}/ ɛd-i {եդ-ի} tr. 'put', which can be used in the passive 'be lain (by somebody)' or middle meaning 'be lain (by oneself)'. Mtth. 9: 2: {ew aha matuc`in aṙ na andamaloyc mi or dnēr i mahičs}"and they brought to him a paralytic lying on a bed" [NASB].
The meaning 'to lie down' (action) may be expressed by means of the complex predicate ank-ɛal dn-ɛm {անկեալ դնեմ}, cf. Mk. 7:30: {gnac` i tun iwr ew egit eleal zdewn, ew zdustrn zi anjeal dnēr i mahičs} [Künzle 1984: 103 f.] "so she went home, found the child lying on the bed, and the demon gone" [NASB].
Both dn-im and ɛd-ay go back to PIE *dheh1- 'to put' [Martirosyan 2010: 240 f.].
Number:47
Word:lie
Classical Armenian:ɛd-ay {եդ-այ}1
Perfective.
Number:48
Word:liver
Classical Armenian:lɛaɹd {լեարդ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 255. i- or a-stem. Tob. 6: 18: {ew dic`es du i veray nora i srtē anti ew i lerdē jkann} [Zōhrapean 1805, 2: 519] "take some of the fish's liver and heart, and put them on the embers of the incense" [NRSV].
From PIE *Hyekʷ-r̩- [Martirosyan 2010: 306 f.].
Number:49
Word:long
Classical Armenian:ɛɹk-ayn {երկ-այն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 168. a-stem. The adjective combines the meanings of the spatial and temporal length. However, the former is not attested in the Bible. Agat`angeɫos Patmowt`iwn hayoc`, 218 {ew ekin berin kars paranac` erkayns ew stuars, ew kc`ec`in iǰuc`in i nerk`s} [Agat`angeɫos 2003: 1407] "so they went and brought long, thick, strong ropes, which they attached and let down inside" [Thomson 1976: 221].
The stem ɛɹk-ayn is derived from the replacement of the suffix -aɹ- in ɛɹk-aɹ 'long'{երկ-ար} which is predominantly attested in the temporal meaning and only marginally in the spatial meaning in the early classical texts. One may assume that the stem ɛɹk-ayn developed by analogy with layn 'wide' {լայն} as a way to differentiate the spatial meaning from the temporal one. The form ɛɹk-aɹ goes back to PIE *dweh2-ro-, cf. Gr. δηρός 'long' [Martirosyan 2010: 265].
Number:50
Word:louse
Classical Armenian:oǯil ~ oɹǯil {ոջիլ, որջիլ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 563, 571. Both variants are attested in post-classical texts: oǯil (Nonnus of Nisibis, 6th century; Geoponica, 12th century; etc.); oɹǯil (Philo, 6th century; Mxitar Aparancʻi, 15th century; etc.), oɹǯl-a-lich {որջլալից} 'full of lice' (John Chrysostom, not dated) [NBHL, 2: 517, 537 f.]. Philo, De Providentia, 2: {ew en inčʻ zors ew mēcʻnexutʻean šnčʻacʻoycʻ zččis, or i kerakurs linin, ew zorǰils i kʻrtancʻ} [Philo 1822: 114], the original was transmitted indirectly in the eighth book of Eusebius's Praeparatio Evangelica: {Ἔνια (δε καὶ ση̃ψις ἐψύχωσεν, ὡς ἕλμινθας μεν ἡ περὶ τροφήν, φθει̃ρας δ´ ἡ ἀπὸ τω̃ν ἱδρώτων.} "d'autres, comme les vers lombricaux, par les digestions ; comme les poux, par la transpiration de la peau" [Eusebius 1846: 429].
The word has been compared with Alb. ergjiz and Latv. erkė 'loose' [Djahukian 2010: 603. Although these words are most probably related, the precise reconstruction is troublesome (*Herk/gʰ-).
Classical Armenian anic {անիծ}, o-stem [Bedrossian 1875-9: 33] is a close term. Greppin [1990: 69 f.] glosses it as 'bed bug' by virtue of the earliest dated context from Grigor Narekatsi (10-11th centuries), where anic is mentioned in a list of biting insects: {Kʻanzi xaɫaln inkʻnaberakan giwtkʻ orovayni bototkʻ čapukkʻ šaržoɫakankʻ, ew azgi azgikʻ, ordunkʻ aɫeacʻ gaɫtnakurkʻ, xaɫawartkʻ hrakaycakkʻ, ew bickʻ bocʻakickʻ, ew anickʻ ankerpaworkʻ, ew eramakkʻ omankʻ kʻrtnacinkʻ zazbatʻormikʻ kskcecʻucʻičʻkʻ ew marmaǰoɫakankʻ} [Narekatsi 1827, 1: 349-50] "The teeming lacy worms, // Multiply in the belly emerging by themselves, // Vermin furtively sucking on the viscera, // Larvae abominable, and some droves // Emerging from sweat, mean, stinging, // Insects exciting itching and burning" [Khachatoorian 2001: 330]. Martirosyan [2010: 86-9] insists on the meaning 'nit; egg of a loose' and interprets the cited attestation as referring to the itch-causing capacity of anic rather than the biting one. The main argument for ascribing the meaning 'nit' to anic is that the same meaning is found in Standard Modern Armenian and dialects.
The word is related to Gr. κονίς, Ru. gnida 'nit', etc. [Martirosyan 2010: 87 f.]. Traditionally, the Armenian word is derived from *knid-s or *kʸnid-s. However, the development of the PIE initial cluster of velar plus nasal to Arm. an- is isolated (see further details in [Martirosyan 2010, loc. cit.]).
Classical Armenian lu {լու}, o-stem, consistently refers to the flea [Bedrossian 1875-9: 261]. Eznik, De Deo: {Na ew čʻkʻoteawkʻn zkcecʻucʻanē zmez, orpēs luovn ew čančiw ew mžxov ew goṙexov, mnov ew mkamb, ew aylovkʻ noynpiseawkʻ…} [Eznik 2003: 147] "And also those vile ones are troublesome to us, for instance fleas and flies and mosquitos and wasps, from gnats and mice, and others of this sort..." [Blanchard, Young 1998: 123].
The word goes back to dialectal PIE *plus-o-, cf. Skt. pluṣi- and Gr. ψύλλα 'flea' (from PGr. *psul-ya- < *plus-ya-), etc. [Martirosyan 2010: 315].
Number:51
Word:man
Classical Armenian:ayɹ {այր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 22. Irregular declension: ayɹ {այր} [nom.sg.] / ar-n {առ-ն}[gen.sg.] / aɹ-kʰ {ար-ք} [nom.pl.] / aɹ-an-cʰ {արանց}, etc. Polysemy: 'man (adult human being of the male sex) / husband'; cf. Mtth. 15: 38: {ew ork` kerann ēin ibrew ark` č`ork` hazark`, t`oɫ zkanays ew zmankti} [Künzle 1984: 41] "And those who ate were four thousand men, besides women and children" [NASB]; Mtth. 1: 16 {Yakovb cnaw zYovsēp` zayrn Maremay} [Künzle 1984: 2] "Jacob was the father of Joseph the husband of Mary" [NASB].
From PIE *h2neːr- [Martirosyan 2010: 61 f.].
Number:52
Word:many
Classical Armenian:bazum {բազում}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 87. a-stem. Mtth. 3: 7: {ew teseal zbazums i sadukec`woc`n ew i p`arisec`woc` ekeals i mkrtut`iwn nora <...>} [Künzle 1984: 6] "But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming for baptism <...>" [NASB].
The Armenian word was probably borrowed from an unattested Middle Iranian cognate of Skr. bahú-, Gr. παχύς 'thick; ample' [Olsen 1999: 870].
Number:53
Word:meat
Classical Armenian:mis {միս}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 477. o-stem. Rom. 14: 21: {law ē oč` utel mi sew oč` ǝmpel gini} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 396] "it is good not to eat meat or to drink wine" [NASB].
From PIE *meːmso- [Martirosyan 2010: 452 f.].
Number:54
Word:moon
Classical Armenian:lusin {լուսին}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 265. i- or o-stem. Mtth. 24: 29: {ew lusin oč` tac`ē zloys iwr} [Künzle 1984: 65] "and the moon will not give its light" [NASB].
The noun goes back to PIE *lewk- 'to be/become light'. Two explanations of the morphological structure have been suggested. According to te first one it goes back to PIE *lowk-s-n(e)h2- 'luminary; bright' (cf. Lat. luːnaː, OLat. losna, OPrus. pl. lauxnos 'stars', Ru. luna 'moon', Av. raoxšna- n. 'light', adj. 'light', Gr. λύχνος 'lamp', MHG liehsen 'bright') [Martirosyan 2010: 452 f.; de Vaan 2008: 352]. This solution is semantically impeccable but has a formal complication. Both sound changes PIE *ks > PArm. *c (after u and w) and PIE *sn > PArm. *n belong are archaic and their relative chronology is difficult to establish. If the latter was later than the former, one expects PArm. *loucnaː- and some kind of contamination with PArm. *lous- 'light' (from PIE *lewk-o-; see luys {լոյս}) has to be assumed in order to derive lusin out of that proto-form. If PIE *sn > PArm. *n was the older change, one expects PArm. *lousn-, which provides a rather straightforward explanation of lusin on the assumption that the suffix -n- was adjusted e.g. on the model of erkin(-kʰ) 'sky'. According to an alternative explanation, lusin can be derived from PIE *lewk-en-o- or *lowk-en-o- attested in OInd. ročana-, Av. raočana- 'bright' [Olsen 1999: 465]. This solution is semantically weaker than the aforementioned one. However, the formal side is more transparent with reserve that it requires an inner-Armenian change from the *o-stem to the *a-stem, and that the suffix *-en-, which is not attested in other IE branches with this root and which does not constitute an established Proto-Armenian type, may well be an Indo-Iranian innovation.
Number:55
Word:mountain
Classical Armenian:lɛarn {լեառն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 254 f. n-stem. Mtth. 8: 1: {ayl ibrew ēǰ i leṙnē anti, gnac`in zkni nora žoɫovurdk` bazumk`}[Künzle 1984: 18] "when Jesus came down from the mountain, large crowds followed him" [NASB].
Can be derived from PIE *kʸley- 'incline'; however, this etymology is debatable [Martirosyan 2010: 306].
Number:56
Word:mouth
Classical Armenian:bɛɹan {բերան}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 100. o-stem. Lu. 1: 64: {ew bac`aw beran nora vaɫvaɫaki} [Künzle 1984: 138] "and at once his mouth was opened" [NASB].
Cognate to Lith. burnà 'mouth', OCS bъrna 'lip'; however, details of the PIE reconstruction are debatable [Olsen 1999: 297].
Number:57
Word:name
Classical Armenian:anun {անուն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 45. n-stem. Mtth. 6: 9: {surb eɫic`i anun k`o} [Künzle 1984: 13] "hallowed be Your name" [NASB].
From PIE *HneH-mn [Martirosyan 2010: 96 f.].
Number:58
Word:neck
Classical Armenian:paɹanocʰ {պարանոց}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 606. a-stem. Lu. 15: 20: {ǝnt`ac`aw ǝnd aṙaǰ, ankaw zparanoc`awn nora, ew hambureac` zna} [Künzle 1984: 188] "(his father) ran and embraced him and kissed him" [NASB].
The word has no etymology [Olsen 1999: 941]. The initial p- can barely be inherited from PIE, where *b- was extremely rare or non-existant. Beekes [Beekes 2010: 1556] argues that Gr. ϕάρυγξ 'throat' is a substratum loanword (cf. the prenasalized suffix -υ(γ)γ-). If this view is right, the Armenian word may be tentatively derived directly or indirectly from the same source: PGr. *pʰarunk-s ~ PArm. *baranok-s.
Number:59
Word:new
Classical Armenian:noɹ {նոր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 533. o-stem. Mtth. 9: 17: {ew oč` arkanen gini nor i tiks hins} [Künzle 1984: 21] "nor do people put new wine into old wineskins" [NASB].
Altough there is no doubt that noɹ {նոր} goes back to a *ro-derivative from PIE *newo- 'new', the details of the derivation are debatable [Olsen 1999: 31 f.].
Number:60
Word:night
Classical Armenian:gišeɹ {գիշեր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 119. o-stem. Jo. 9: 4: {gay gišer, yoržam oč` karē gorcel} [Künzle 1984: 247] "night is coming when no one can work" [NASB].
From PIE *we(k)s(e)per- 'evening' [Martirosyan 2010: 215 f.].
Number:61
Word:nose
Classical Armenian:unčʰ-kʰ {ունչ-ք}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 577. a-stem. Eɫišē, Vasn Vardanac` ew Hoyoc` Paterazm: {kareac` znoc`a unč`s ew zakanǰs} [Eɫišē 2003: 739] "he cut off their noses and ears" [Thomson 1982: 229]. The word is alternately glossed as 'moustache; the part between the nose and the mouth'. However, in the Bible it refers exclusively to the body part that is used for breathing (Wis. 15: 15; Ps. 113: 6) and can be cut off (Ezek. 23: 25; the cited context). Therefore, the meaning 'moustache' seems to be unsupported.
A competing lexeme kʰitʰ {քիթ}, a-stem, commonly glossed as 'nose' [Bedrossian 1875-9: 749], often applies to the "internal nose", from which or into which something can pass (liquid, hook, etc.), cf. Eɫišē, Vasn Vardanac` ew Hoyoc` Paterazm: {ew ǝnd k`it`sn ew ǝnd beran aṙ hasarak gološi ǰermaxaṙn elanēr} [Eɫišē 2003: 573] "from his nose and mouth issued hot vapor" [Thomson 1982: 98 f.] (cf. also 2Kings 19: 28; Job 40: 21; Prov. 11: 22).
Neither unčʰ-kʰ nor kʰitʰ have secure etymologies [Martirosyan 2010: 638; Olsen 1999: 941 f.].
Number:62
Word:not
Classical Armenian:očʰ {ոչ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 562. Rom. 14: 21: {law ē oč` utel mi sew oč` ǝmpel gini} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 396] "it is good not to eat meat or to drink wine" [NASB].
Most likely, the particle očʰ is to be compared to Gr. οὐκ 'not'. Further etymological details are debatable [Martirosyan 2010: 531].
The prohibitive negation is expressed by the particle mi {մի}, Bedrossian 1875-9: 471. Mtth. 4: 6: {zi mi erbek` harc`es zk`ari zotn k`o} [Künzle 1984: 7] "so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone" [NASB]. From PIE *meh2[Martirosyan 2010: 468].
Number:63
Word:one
Classical Armenian:mi {մի}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 471. o-stem. Mtth. 5: 29: {zi law ē kʽez etʽē mi yandamoc` koc` koric`ē, ew mi amenayn marmind k`o ankanic`i i gehen} [Künzle 1984: 11] "for it is better for you to lose one of the parts of your body, than for your whole body to be thrown into hell" [NASB].
From PIE *sm-ih2- 'one', cf. Ancient Greek f. μία [Martirosyan 2010: 467 f.].
Number:64
Word:person
Classical Armenian:maɹd {մարդ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 457. o-stem. The noun is a general designation of human beings regardless of sex. Mtth. 12: 12: {Isk ard orč`ap` ews aṙawel ē mard k`an zoč`xar} [Künzle 1984: 29] "How much more valuable then is a man than a sheep!" [NASB].
From PIE *mr̩-to- 'mortal; human' [Martirosyan 2010: 452 f.].
Number:65
Word:rain
Classical Armenian:anʒɹɛw {ան{U+0571}րեւ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 41. o-/a-stem. Mtth. 7: 25: {iǰin anjrewk` ew xaɫac`in getk`} [Künzle 1984: 17] "and the rain fell, and the floods came" [NASB].
No secure etymology [Olsen 1999: 424.].
Number:66
Word:red
Classical Armenian:kaɹmiɹ {կարմիր}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 336. o-stem. Mtth. 27: 28: {merkac`in zna, ew arkin znovaw k`ɫamid karmir} [Künzle 1984: 78] "they stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him" [NASB].
Bedrossian 1875-9: 437. a-stem. Mk. 10: 46: {ordi Timēi Bartimēos koyr nstēr murac`ik yanc`s čanaparhi} [Künzle 1984: 114] "a blind beggar named Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, was sitting by the road" [NASB].
It has been suggested that the word is a compounded Iranian loanword [Olsen 1999: 892 f.]; however, Iranian cognates have not been identified for either of its two members.
Number:68
Word:root
Classical Armenian:aɹmat {արմատ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 76. o-stem. Mk. 11: 20: {tesin zt`zenin c`amak`eal yarmatoc`} [Künzle 1984: 116] "they saw the fig tree withered from the roots up" [NASB].
The origin is unclear [Olsen 1999: 337].
Number:69
Word:roundM
Classical Armenian:ʌnd-a-ʒɛw {գնդաձե}M2}}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 123. Meaning 'round 3D'. There are no reliable contexts for the meaning 'round 3D' in the classical corpus. But the compound gnd-a-yɛw 'round 3D' is widely attested from the early post-classical period on [NBHL 1: 565]. It does not seem particularly risky to fill the slot with this term.
Literally 'ball-shaped' with gund {գունդ} 'ball; sphere' and ʒɛw {ձեւ} 'form; shape'.
Number:69
Word:round
Classical Armenian:boloɹ-ši {բոլոր-շի}2
Bedrossian 1875-9: 104. Meaning 'round 2D'. 1King. 7: 31: {ew beran nora gorc bolorši noynpēs i kangnoy} [Zōhrapean 1805, 2: 146] "and its opening was round like the design of a pedestal" [NASB].
Derived from bolor 'whole, entire', the latter without an entirely convincing etymology [Martirosyan 2010: 178 f.].
Number:70
Word:sand
Classical Armenian:awaz {աւազ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 79. o-stem. Mtth. 7: 26: {or šineac` ztun iwr i veray awazoy} [Künzle 1984: ] "who built his house on the sand" [NASB].
The noun is compared to Gr. ἄμαɵος 'sand', both probably of non-Indo-European origin [Martirosyan 2010: 149].
Number:71
Word:say
Classical Armenian:as-ɛm {աս-եմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 64. Mtth. 5: 18: {amēn asem jez} [Künzle 1984: 10] "truly I say to you" [NASB].
From PIE *h1egʸ-, Lat. aioː 'say', etc. [Martirosyan 2010: 118].
Number:72
Word:see
Classical Armenian:tɛs-an-ɛm {տես-ան-եմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 699 f. Mtth. 2: 10: {Ibrew tesin zastɫn, xndac`in yoyž uraxut`iwn mec} [Künzle 1984: 4] "When they saw the star, they rejoiced exceedingly with great joy" [NASB].
The origin is debatable; probably from PIE *dekʸ- 'perceive' [Klingenschmitt 1982: 228].
The meaning 'to look' (controlled action) is expressed by hay-el {նայիմ} [Bedrossian 1875-9: 523], cf. Mtth. 19: 26: {hayec`aw i nosa Yisus ew asē} [Künzle 1984: 51] "looking at them Jesus said to them" [NASB]. Perhaps from PIE *peh2- 'guard; look after' [Martirosyan 2010: 386 f.].
Number:73
Word:seed
Classical Armenian:sɛɹ-mn {սեր-մն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 638. n-stem. Mtth. 13: 27: {Tēr, oč` sermn bari sermanec`er yagarakin k`um?} [Künzle 1984: 33 f.] "Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field?" [NASB].
No certain etymology [Olsen 1999: 504].
Number:74
Word:sit
Classical Armenian:nst-im {նս{U+057F}-իմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 539. Polysemy: 'to sit / to sit down'; cf. Mk. 2: 6: {ew omank` i dprac` anti or and nstēin} [Künzle 1984: 86] "but some of the scribes were sitting there" [NASB]; Mtth. 26:58: {ew mteal i nerk`s nstēr ǝnd spasaworsn} [Künzle 1984: 75] "and entered in, and sat down with the officers" [NASB].
From PIE *sed- 'sit' [Martirosyan 2010: 505 f.].
Number:75
Word:skin
Classical Armenian:moɹtʰ {մորթ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 484. o-stem. Job 10: 11: {Mort` ew mis zgec`uc`er inj, oskerawk` ew ǰlawk` hanar zis} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 281] "Clothe me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews" [NASB].
The origin is unknown [Olsen 1999: 941].
Number:76
Word:sleep
Classical Armenian:nnǯ-ɛm {ննջ-եմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 532. Mtth. 9: 24: {I bac` gnac`ēk`, zi oč` et`ē meṙeal ē aɫǰikd, ayl nnǰē.} [Künzle 1984: 22] "Leave; for the girl has not died, but is asleep" [NASB].
The origin is unclear [Klingenschmitt 1982: 155].
Number:77
Word:small
Classical Armenian:pʰokʰ-ɹ {փոք-ր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 735. r/u-stem. Agat`angeɫos, Patmowt`iwn hayoc`, 811: {ew deṙ ǝnd p`ok`r jorak mi anc`anel kamēin} [Agat`angeɫos 2003: 1691] "and were still intending to pass a small valley" [Thomson 1976: 349].
No secure etymology [Olsen 1999: 165].
Number:78
Word:smoke
Classical Armenian:cux {ծուխ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 316. o-stem. Rev. 9: 17: {i beranoy noc`a hur elanēr, ew cux, ew cumb} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 566 f.] "out of their mouths proceed fire and smoke and brimstone" [NASB].
The origin is unknown [Olsen 1999: 943].
Number:79
Word:stand
Classical Armenian:ka-m {կա-մ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 321. Polysemy: 'to stand / to stand up', cf. Mtth. 26: 73: {ew yet sakaw mioy matuc`eal ork` kayinn and} [Künzle 1984: 76] "a little later the bystanders came up [and stood there - PK]" [NASB]; Ezek. 3:1 [= LXX 2:1]: {ordi mardoy, kac` i veray otic` k`oc`} [Zōhrapean 1805, 3: 705] "son of man, stand on your feet" [NASB].
Perhaps from PIE *gʷeh2- 'make a step' [Klingenschmitt 1982: 87-89].
Number:80
Word:star
Classical Armenian:astɫ {աստղ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 65 f. ɫ-stem. Mk. 13: 25: {ew asteɫk` yerknic` t`awt`ap`esc`in} [Künzle 1984: 122] "and the stars will be falling from heaven" [NASB].
From PIE *h2ster- 'star' [Martirosyan 2010: 120-122].
Number:81
Word:stone
Classical Armenian:kʰaɹ {քար}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 745 f. i-stem. Lk. 4: 3: {asa k`arid aydmik zi hac` lic`i} [Künzle 1984: 146] "tell this stone to become bread" [NASB].
The origin is uncertain [Olsen 1999: 176].
Number:82
Word:sun
Classical Armenian:aɹew {արեւ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 72. u-stem. Lk. 4: 40: {ew ǝnd arewun mtanel} [Künzle 1984: 148] "while the sun was setting" [NASB].
From PIE *h2rew-i- '(a bright object)' [Martirosyan 2010: 135-138].
Number:83
Word:swim
Classical Armenian:luɫ-im {լուղ-իմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 260. Acts 27: 43: {hramayeac` zi or karoɫ ic`en luɫel, ankanic`in nax ew i c`amak`n elanic`en}[Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 314] "commanded that those who could swim should jump overboard first and get to land" [NASB].
The etymology is unclear; rather uncertain is the derivation from *plew-tl-(e-)ye- [Klingenschmitt 1982: 82].
Number:84
Word:tail
Classical Armenian:agi {ագի}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 2. o- or a-stem. Rev. 9: 10: {unēin agis ǝst nmanut`ean karči} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 566] "they have tails like scorpions" [NASB].
No secure etymology [Martirosyan 2010: 5-7].
Number:85
Word:that
Classical Armenian:ay=n { այն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 21. Mtth. 8: 28: {zi č`ēr hnar anc`anel umēk` ǝnd ayn čanaparh} [Kunzle 1984: 19 f.] "that no one could pass by that way" [NASB]. Derives from the demonstrative pronominal stem PIE *no-.
The Classical Armenian deictic system is ternary: ay=s 'this (near the speaker)' / ay=d 'that (near the addressee)' / ay=n 'that (far from the speaker and the addressee)' [Clackson 2008: 134]. Each stem consists of an old demonstrative morpheme modified with a deictic proclitic *ay-.
Number:85
Word:that
Classical Armenian:ay=d {այդ}2
Schmitt 2007: 120 f. Mtth. 6:32: {pitoy ē jez ayd amenayn} [Kunzle 1984: 15] "you need all these things" [NASB].
Derives from the PIE demonstrative pronominal stem *to-.
Number:86
Word:this
Classical Armenian:ay=s {այս}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 22. Mk. 8: 12: {Zi ē azgs ays nšan xndrē?} [Künzle 1984: 22] "Why does this generation seek for a sign?" [NASB].
Derives from a deictic proclitic *ay- added to the PIE demonstrative pronominal stem *kʸo-.
Number:87
Word:thou
Classical Armenian:du {դու}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 149. Suppletive paradigm: du [nom.] / kʰɛ-z [acc., dat.] / kʰo [gen.]. Mtth. 3: 14: {ew du aṙ is gas?} [Künzle 1984: 149] "and do You come to me?" [NASB]. Mtth. 4: 6: {zi mi erbek` harc`es zk`ari zotn k`o} [Künzle 1984: 7] "so that you will not strike your foot against a stone" [NASB].
The direct stem is from PIE *tuH [Martirosyan 2010: 243]. The oblique one is from PIE *twe/o- [Martirosyan 2010: 660, 664 f.].
Number:87
Word:thou
Classical Armenian:kʰo {քո}1
Genitive.
Number:88
Word:tongue
Classical Armenian:lezu {լեզու}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 255. i-stem. Lk. 1: 64: {ew bac`aw beran nora vaɫvaɫaki ew lezu nora} [Künzle 1984: 138] "and at once his mouth was opened and his tongue loosed" [NASB].
From PIE *dn̩gʸʰu(e)h1- 'tongue', the initial consonant was influenced by liz-em 'to lick' [Martirosyan 2010: 307 f.].
Number:89
Word:tooth
Classical Armenian:atam-n {ատամ-ն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 68. n-stem. Mtth. 5: 38: {akn ǝnd akan new atamn ǝnd ataman} [Künzle 1984: 11 f.] "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth" [NASB].
From PIE *h1d-ont- 'tooth' (*'the biting one'); for the alternative reconstruction *h3dont- see [Martirosyan 2010: 124].
Number:90
Word:tree
Classical Armenian:car {ծառ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 308. o-stem. Mtth. 7: 19 {Amenayn caṙ... hatani ew i hur arkani.} [Künzle 1984: 17] "Every tree... is cut down and thrown into the fire" [NASB].
The origin is unknown [Olsen 1999: 936].
Number:91
Word:two
Classical Armenian:ɛɹk-u {երկու}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 14. u-stem. Mtth. 6: 24: {oč` ok` karē erkuc` tēranc` caṙayel} [Künzle 1984: 14] "no one can serve two masters" [NASB].
The origin is unclear [Klingenschmitt 1982: 95 f.].
Number:93
Word:warm (hot)
Classical Armenian:ǯɛɹ-m {ջեր-մ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 621. o-stem. Polysemy: 'warm / hot'. 1Kings 21:6: {dnel aṙaǰi hac` ǰerm yawurn yorum aṙ zayn} [Zōhrapean 1805, 2: 49] "to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away" [NASB]. Rev. 3: 15: {gitem zgercs k`o oč` c`urt e sew oč` ǰerm} [Zōhrapean 1805, 4: 559] "I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot" [NASB].
From PIE *gʷʰer-mo-, cf. Ancient Greekɵερμός 'warm', etc. [Martirosyan 2010: 556 f.].
Number:94
Word:water
Classical Armenian:ǯuɹ {ջուր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 621. o-stem. Mtth. 10: 42: {bažak mi ǰur c`urt} [Künzle 1984: 26] "a cup of cold water" [NASB].
The etymology is uncertain. The comparison to Lith. júrės 'sea' violates regular correspondences of the initial consonants [Olsen 1999: 50].
Number:95
Word:we
Classical Armenian:mɛ-kʰ {մեք}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 469 f. Paradigm: mɛ-kʰ [nom.] / mɛ-ɹ [gen.]. Jo. 9: 29: {mek` gitemk` zi ǝnd zi ǝnd Movsisi xawsec`aw Astuac} [Kunzle 1984: 249] "we know that God has spoken to Moses" [NASB].
From PIE *me- [Martirosyan 2010: 465 f.].
Number:96
Word:what
Classical Armenian:z=inčʰ {զինչ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 49. Mtth. 16: 26: {kam zinč` tac`ē mard p`rkans ǝnd anjin iwrum?} [Kunzle 1984: 43] "or what will a man give in exchange for his soul?" [NASB].
Historically, initial z- is an object marker that spread from the accusative to the nominative case (but not to other cases, cf. instr. iw), as part of the lexicalization process differentiating the interrogative pronoun from the indefinite pronoun inčʰ 'something'. The etymology is unclear. It is tempting to derive the nominative morpheme inčʰ from the Proto-Indo-European relative/interrogative pronoun neut. *kʷi- 'what; which', as opposed to anim. *kʷo- 'who; which' (wherefrom Arm. ov 'who') [Schmitt 2007: 123 f.]. However, loss of initial *kʷ- is irregular.
Number:97
Word:white
Classical Armenian:spitak {սպիտակ}-1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 651. Mtth. 5: 36: {zi očʽ kares maz mi spitak aṙnel kam tʽux} [Kunzle 1984: 11] "Nor shall you make an oath by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black" [NASB].
Bedrossian 1875-9: 565 f. Mk. 2: 7: {o karē t`oɫul zmeɫs, et`ē oč` mi Astuac?} [Kunzle 1984: 87] "who can forgive sins but God alone?" [NASB].
The etymology is unclear. It is tempting to derive the nominative from the PIE relative/interrogative anim. pronoun *kʷo- 'who; which', as opposed to neut. *kʷi- 'what; which' (wherefrom Arm. zinč` 'what') [Schmitt 2007: 123 f.]. However, loss of initial *kʷ- is irregular.
Number:99
Word:woman
Classical Armenian:kin {կին}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 343. Irregular paradigm: kin {կին} [nom. sg.] / kn-oǯ {կն-ոջ} [gen. sg.] / kn-aw {կն-աւ} [instr. sg.] / kan-ay-kʰ {կան-այ-ք} [nom. pl.], etc. Polysemy: 'woman (adult human being of the female sex) / wife'; cf. Mtth. 15: 38: {ew ork` kerann ēin ibrew ark` č`ork` hazark`, t`oɫ zkanays ew zmankti} [Kunzle 1984: 41] "And those who ate were four thousand men, besides women and children" [NASB]; Lk. 1: 5: {ew kin nora i dsterac` Aharovni} [Kunzle 1984: 134] "he had a wife from the daughters of Aaron" [NASB].
From PIE *gʷenh2- 'woman' [Martirosyan 2010: 363 f.]. The oblique stem *gʷnh2-ey- is an isogloss shared by Armenian with Ancient Greekγυν-αι-κ- and Phrygian κναικ- 'woman; wife'.
Number:100
Word:yellow
Classical Armenian:deɫ-in {դեղին}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 138. o-stem. The adjective is not attested in the Bible and in the early original texts. Yet its early age is supported by the derivatives, cf. deɫn-an-al {դեղնանամ} 'become yellow' in Agat`angeɫos Patmowt`iwn hayoc`,
618 {hayim ǝnd mard, ew eresk` amenayn ibrew i goyn dalkan deɫnac`eal šrǰin} [Agat`angeɫos 2003: 1595] "I look at man; and all faces have turned into the color of paleness" [Thomson 1970: 221].
From PIE *delh1- 'yellow; green' [Martirosyan 2010: 231 f.].
Number:101
Word:far
Classical Armenian:hɛri {հեռի}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 401. Mk. 12: 34: {č`es heṙi yark`ayut`enē Astucoy} [Kunzle 1984: 119] "you are not far from the kingdom of God" [NASB].
The etymology is unclear. May be tentatively connected to Goth. fairra 'far' [Martirosyan 2010: 404].
Number:102
Word:heavy
Classical Armenian:can-ɹ {ծան-ր}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 306. r/u-stem. Mtth. 23: 4: {kapem beṙins canuns}[Kunzle 1984: 61] "they tie up heavy burdens" [NASB].
The origin is unclear [Olsen 1999: 164].
Number:103
Word:near
Classical Armenian:mawt {մաւտ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 489 f. Mk. 11: 1: {mawt i leaṙn jit`eneac`} [Kunzle 1984: 114] "near the Mount of Olives" [NASB].
No secure etymology. May be tentatively compared to OE mōt 'gethering' [Martirosyan 2010: 451 f.].
A less likely candidate is Classical Armenian mɛɹʒ {մերձ} [Bedrossian 1875-9: 469], as in Mtth. 24:32: {gitēk` t`ē merj ē amaṙn} [Kunzle 1984: 66] "you know that summer is near" [NASB]. From PIE *me-gʰʸsr-i 'at hand', Gr. μέχρι 'as far as' [Martirosyan 2010: 465].
Number:104
Word:salt
Classical Armenian:aɫ {աղ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 9. i-stem. Mk. 9: 50: {barwok` ē aɫ, et`ē aɫn anhamesc`i, iw hamemesc`i}[Kunzle 1984: 110] "salt is good; but if the salt becomes unsalty, with what will you make it salty again?" [NASB].
The details on the reconstruction of the exact shape of the PIE lexeme are disputable [Martirosyan 2010: 24, 40 f.]. The comparison of the Armenian word to Gr. ἅλς 'salt' makes it tempting to reconstruct a dialectal PIE form *sal-s 'salt'.
Number:105
Word:short
Classical Armenian:karč {կարճ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 335 f. Koriwn, The Life of Mashtots, Ch. 8: {zamenayn ǝntrut`iwns nšanagrac`n znrbagoynn ew zlaynagaynn, karčn ew zerkaynn} [Koriwn 2003: 260] "all the variations of the letters, thin and heavy strokes, long and short" [Koriwn 1980: 279].
The origin is unknown [Olsen 1999: 963].
Number:106
Word:snake
Classical Armenian:awʒ {աւձ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 758. i-stem. Lk. 10: 19: {aha etu jez išxanut`iwn koxel zawjs ew zkaričs} [Kunzle 1984: 170] "behold, I have given you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions" [NASB].
From *h2engʷ-i- [Martirosyan 2010: 153].
Number:107
Word:thin
Classical Armenian:nuɹb {նուրբ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 538. i-stem. Only derivatives are attested in the relevant contexts, cf. the secondary adjective nɹb-agoyn {նրբ-ագոյն} in Koriwn, The Life of Mashtots, Ch. 8: {zamenayn ǝntrut`iwns nšanagrac`n znrbagoynn ew zlaynagaynn, karčn ew zerkaynn} [Koriwn 2003: 260] "all the variations of the letters, thin and heavy strokes, long and short" [Koriwn 1981: 279]. Apparently no lexical opposition between 'thin 2D' and 'thin 1D'.
May be tentatively compared to ON snǿfr 'quick', snœ́fr 'narrow; quick' [Olsen 1999: 80].
Number:108
Word:wind
Classical Armenian:hoɫm {հողմ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 414. o-stem. Mtth. 8: 27: {ew hoɫmk` ew cov hnazandin nma}[Kunzle 1984: 19] "even the winds and the sea obey him" [NASB].
Possibly from PIE *h2onh1-mo- (cf. Ancient Greekἄνεμος 'wind', etc.) with loss of the internal laryngeal and dissimilation *-nm- > *-lm- > -ɫm- [Martirosyan 2010: 416].
Number:109
Word:worm
Classical Armenian:oɹdn {որդն}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 569. n-stem. Mk. 9: 48: {ur ordn noc`a oč` meṙani ew hurn oč` šiǰani}[Kunzle 1984: 110] "where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched" [NASB].
No secure etymology [Olsen 1999: 127].
Number:110
Word:year
Classical Armenian:am {ամ}1
Bedrossian 1875-9: 13. a-stem. Mk. 5: 25: {ew kin mi ēr i teṙatesut`ean arean zerkotasan am} [Kunzle 1984: 96] "a woman who had had a hemorrhage for twelve years" [NASB].
From PIE *s(e)mh2- 'year; summer' [Martirosyan 2010: 45 f.].
